Great changes have been done on techniques used for histological staining through chemical, molecular biology assays and immunological techniques collectively and have facilitated greatly in the study of organs and tissues ( Shostak, 2013). The process of histological staining takes five key stages which involve fixation, processing, embedding, sectioning and staining ( Titford, 2009).
#Melodics review series#
Histological staining is a series of technique processes undertaken in the preparation of sample tissues by staining using histological stains to aid in the microscope study ( Anderson, 2011). In addition, histology is used extensively in medicine especially in the study of diseased tissues to aid treatment ( Black, 2012). Histological studies are used in forensic investigations, autopsy, diagnosis and in education. There are various methods used to study tissue characteristics and microscopic structures of the cells. Histology is the microscopic study of animal and plant cell and tissues through staining and sectioning and examining them under a microscope (electron or light microscope). Currently, improved histological stains, have been modified and combined with other stains to improve their effectiveness. The case studies indicated that in modern histology a combination of different stain techniques are used to enhance the effectiveness of the staining process. Some staining methods have been abandoned because the chemicals required have been medically proven to be toxic.
Many stain procedures are still in use today, and many others have been replaced with new immunostaining, molecular, non-culture and other advanced staining techniques. There has been a rising need for efficient, accurate and less complex staining procedures. Results from the literature review has indicated that there has been an improvement in histopathology and histotechnology in stains used. The purpose of this research was to assess past and current literature reviews, as well as case studies, with the aim of informing ways in which histological stains have been improved in the modern age. Staining techniques used were carmine, silver nitrate, Giemsa, Trichrome Stains, Gram Stain and Hematoxylin among others. Early histologists used the readily available chemicals to prepare tissues for microscopic studies these laboratory chemicals were potassium dichromate, alcohol and the mercuric chloride to harden cellular tissues. The history of histology indicates that there have been significant changes in the techniques used for histological staining through chemical, molecular biology assays and immunological techniques, collectively referred to as histochemistry.
0 kommentar(er)
